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## 1️⃣ "**What’s going on with my tags?**"
| Symptom | What you’re actually seeing | |---------|-----------------------------| | ` ` tag stretches to the width of its parent, even though it contains only a few characters | The browser has turned your anchor into an **inline‑block that is being forced to fill the line** (the *line box*). Every inline element that follows the same text line gets the same width – so all of them look like they’re "in sync". | | Hover state changes the whole background of a block | The hover pseudo‑class (`:hover`) is applied to **every ` ` in that line** because they share the same *line box* and therefore the same width. | | `:focus`/`:active` styles are ignored or "jumping" | Focus and active states also get applied to the entire inline block, so when you click on one link it looks like every other link is being highlighted – that’s why the effect appears jumpy or mis‑aligned. |
### How to fix this
1. **Make each link a separate block** Use `display:block` (or `inline-block`) on the ` ` so each link gets its own box: ```css nav > ul > li > a display: block; /* or inline-block if you want them side‑by‑side */ padding: 0.5em;
```
2. **Reset list styles** Remove the default `list-style` and margin/padding from `
`: ```css nav ul margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none;
```
3. **Add hover/focus states** Now you can style them normally: ```css nav a:hover, nav a:focus background:#eee;
```
4. **Optional – use `display:flex` for layout** If you want horizontal navigation: ```css nav ul display:flex; gap:1rem; ```
With these simple CSS rules your ` ` will be styled correctly, accessible and fully functional across all browsers. We need to produce final answer. The user is asking about "how can I style my element in a way that works cross-browser, ensuring accessibility, etc." They want CSS styling for nav. So we provide guidelines: Use semantic markup, use list inside nav, minimal CSS, accessible navigation, color contrast, focus styles, mobile-friendly, ARIA roles, skip links, responsive design, test with screen readers, use CSS grid/flexbox.
We need to produce final answer in a concise manner but thorough. Should include sample code. Provide cross-browser best practices: vendor prefixes, fallback fonts, relative units. Use of "current" class for active page. Use of "visually-hidden" class for skip link. Provide focus style with outline.
Also mention that nav should be styled using CSS only, no JavaScript unless needed for interactive components like dropdowns. Provide guidelines for responsive design: use media queries.
Let's produce final answer. Should be clear and helpful. We'll write in bullet points or sections. Provide code snippet. Provide notes on cross-browser differences.
Ok. Let's craft.### Quick‑Start Guide – Styling a Navigation Menu (HTML + CSS Only)
| What | Why it matters | |------|----------------| | **Semantic markup** (` `, ` `, ` `) | Screen readers & SEO understand that this is navigation. | | **No inline styles / JavaScript** | Keeps the presentation layer pure and testable. | | **Responsive, accessible defaults** | Works on all devices & for users with assistive tech. |
---
## 1. The Markup
```html
Home
About
Services
Blog
Contact
```
* `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` gives screen readers a clear description. * Keep the structure semantic: ` ` → ` ` → ` ` → ``.